Architectural, Building and Construction (ABC) Information Sources:
General information about stainless steel use in architecture
Where can I buy stainless steel products?
Specifications an d guidelines
North American
Canadian
Other architectural metals
European
Stainless steel applications in ABC
Bridges
Doors, entrances, elevators and column covers
Exterior wall panels
Fasteners, stone anchors and masonry fixings
Floors
Interiors
Kitchens and bathrooms
Low profile glass curtain wall and roof structures
Plumbing and water handling
Prisons and detention facilities
Railings
Reinforcing bar
Roofing
Sculpture
Structural design
Swimming pools
Choose an appropriate stainless for your application
Multiple environments
Castings
Coastal and marine environments
Deicing salt exposure
Fresh and potable water
Galvanic corrosion
Internal environments
Soil
Swimming pools
Web sites for evaluating site corrosiveness
Selecting stainless steel finishes
Design details and thickness guide
Welding and fabricating stainless steel
General fabrication information
Machining
Post-fabrication cleaning
Welding
Meeting architectural flatness requirements
Fire Resistance
Cleaning
Standard cleaning
Remedial and post-fabrication cleaning
Bacterial removal advantage
Bacterial removal and health protection benefits
Environmental Benefits and Considerations
Life cycle cost-benefit justification
Exterior atmosphere
Underground soil
Embedded in concrete
Stainless steel product forms
Nickel plating
International sources of stainless steel information
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_________________________________________________________________
General information about stainless steel use in architecture
Timeless Stainless (click here)
Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction: Guidelines for Corrosion Protection (click here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
Successful use of stainless steel building materials (click here)
Capabilities and Limitations of Architectural Metals, and Metals for Corrosion Resistance (click here)
Architecture -- A demanding market for stainless steel (click here)
Stainless steel use in North American architecture http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
Stainless steel architectural facts http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel - this may be purchased at http://www.steel-sci.org
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Where can I Buy Stainless Steel
Products?
Stainless Steel Architectural, Building and Construction Products Buyers' Guide (click here)
Other Internet Resources
Asian Sources http://aissia.asiansources.com
British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Indian Stainless Steel Association (ISSDA) http://www.stainlessindia.org/
Metals Service Center Institute (North American service centers for sheet, strip, plate, bar, and other
product forms http://www.ssci.org/members_roster.adp
Sensational Stainless www.sensationalstainless.com
Southern Africa Stainless Steel Development Association (SASSDA) http://www.sassda.co.za
Stainless steel distributors http://www.stainlessdistributors.com/mfgstart.htm
Steel Tube Institute http://www.steeltubeinstitute.org/frameprod.htm
The Stainless Steel Appeal www.stainlessappeal.com
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Specifications and guidelines
North American:
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia 20191
Telephone: 703-295-6300
800-548-2723
Web site: www.asce.org
ACI/ASCE: ACI 530.1-88/ASCE 6-88 Section 3.2.1.3 Specification for masonry structures which covers the requirements for ties and anchors made of Type 304 stainless steel
ANSI/ASCE-8-90 Specification for the design of cold formed stainless steel structural members
American Standard for Testing of Materials (ASTM)
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428
Telephone: 610-832-9500
Fax: 610-832-9555
Web site: www.astm.org
Sub-Committee E06.57 Performance of Metal Roof Systems Task Group
Subcommittees:
TG.01 Coated Steel
TG.02 Standing Seam Aluminum Roof Systems
TG.03 Test Methods for the Performance of Metal Roof Systems
TG.04 Standard Practice for Installation
A 167 (01.03) Specification for stainless steel and heat-resisting chromium-nickel steel plate, sheet, and
strip (This specification is often referenced on older drawings. It is no longer the appropriate
specification to reference and should be replaced with A 240 and, in many cases, A 480 should also be
referenced.)
A 240 (01.03) Specification for heat-resisting chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and
strip for pressure vessels (This is the most widely used specification for stainless steel plate, sheet, and
strip, no matter what the end-use application.)
A 262 (01.03) Austenitic stainless steel susceptibility to intergranular attack under structural analysis
A 276 (01.05) Specification for stainless and heat-resisting steel bars and shapes (This includes rounds,
squares, hexagons, and extruded shapes such as angles, tees, and channels used for structural
applications.)
A 480 (01.03) General requirements for flat-rolled stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet, and strip
(describes surface finishes for sheet, strip, plate; heat treatment, test specimens, test methods)
A 478 (01.03) Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Weaving and Knitting Wire (composition and mechanical
requirements of common types of stainless steel wire intended for weaving and knitting)
A 484 General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings (This provides dimensional
tolerance and finish descriptions for bar (all shapes) cut from strip or plate or hot-finished, forgings, and
hot finished angles, channels, tees and other shapes. The finish descriptions are very general. More precise
descriptions of finish options should be obtained from the supplier. )
A 555 General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods (terminology and dimensional tolerance
requirements).
A 554 (01.01) Standard specification for welded stainless steel mechanical tubing (round, square, and
rectangular tubing for structural applications)
A 666 (01.03, 01.04, 01.05) Austenitic stainless steel sheet/strip/plate/flat bar (for
structural/architectural/pressure vessel/magnetic/ cryogenic/heat resisting applications)
A 774/774M (01.01) Austenitic stainless steel fittings (as-welded) for general corrosive service at
low/moderate temperatures
A 789/789M (01.01) Duplex tube, seamless/welded
A 793 (01.03) Standard specification for rolled floor plate, stainless steel
A 947M Standard specification for textured stainless steel sheet
A 955M Stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement
B 506 (02.01) Copper-clad stainless steel sheet/strip in flat lengths/coils/rolls for building construction
C 1242 (04.07) Standard guide for design, selection, and installation of exterior dimension stone anchors
and anchoring systems (This says that metal in contact with stone should be a 300 series stainless, but other
materials can be used if properly protected against moisture and galvanic corrosion. Copper and stainless
steel wire are used for wire ties.)
E108 (04.04, 04.07) Fire tests of roof coverings
E 119 (04.07) Fire tests of building construction and materials
E 152 (04.07) Fire testing of door assemblies
E 283 (04.07) Roof static air infiltration test
E 330 (04.07) Structural performance of exterior windows/curtain walls/doors by uniform static air pressure
difference
E 331 (04.07) Test method for water penetration of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors by uniform
static air pressure difference
E 529 (1991) (04.07) Flexural tests of beams and girders for building construction
E 754 (1990) (04.07) Test method for pullout resistance of ties and anchors embedded in masonry mortar
joints
E 894 (04.07) Test method for anchorage of permanent metal railing systems and rails for buildings
E 935 (04.07) Test methods for performance of permanent metal railing systems and rails for buildings
E 985 (04.07) Specification for permanent metal railing systems and rails for buildings
E 1233 (04.07) Structural performance of exterior windows/curtain walls/doors by cyclic static air pressure
differential
E 1592 (04.07) Test method for structural performance of sheet metal roof and siding systems by uniform
static air pressure difference
F 593 (15.08) Stainless steel specification for bolts/hex cap screws/studs
F 594 (15.08) Specification for stainless steel nuts
F 738M (15.08) Stainless steel specification for bolts/screws/studs, metric
F 836-a (15.08) Specification for stainless steel metric nuts
F 837/837M (15.08) Specification for stainless steel socket head cap screws
F 879/879M (15.08) Specification for stainless steel metric socket button and flat countersink head cap
screws
F 880/880M (15.08) Specification for stainless steel socket set screws
F 1072 (01.07) Specification for expanded metal doors
F 1299 (15.07) Specification for food service equipment hoods for cooking appliances
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
1430 Broadway
New York, New York 10018
Telephone: 212-642-4900
Web site: www.ansi.org
ANSI/ASCE-8-90 Specification for the design of cold formed stainless steel structural members
American Welding Society (AWS)
550 NW LeJeune Rd.
Miami, Florida 33126
Telephone: 800-443-9353
Web site: www.aws.org
AWS D1.6 AWS Structural Welding Code - Stainless Steel
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)
601 Madison Street
Alexandria, Virginia 22314-1791
Telephone: 800-689-2900
703-684-0300
Web site: www.csinet.ort
CSIManuSpec® and Spec-Data® manuals contain company specifications for stainless steel products. Spec-Data specifications are available on the web at Architect's First Source (Adobe Acrobat) and CSI's (HTML) web sites.
Indiana Limestone Institute of America, Inc.
Suite 400, Stone City Bank Building
Bedford, Indiana 47421
Telephone: 812-275-4426
Fax: 812-279-8682
Web site: http://www.iliai.com
The Indiana Limestone Handbook discusses the use of stainless steel for stone anchoring and flashing.
National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers (NAAMM)
600 South Federal Street, Suite 400
Chicago, Illinois 60605
Telephone: 312-782-4951
Manufacturers of architectural, ornamental and miscellaneous ferrous and non-ferrous metal products
including aluminum, brass, bronze, cast iron, nickel, silver, steel, and wrought iron. They publish manuals
on metal finishes, grating, custom hollow doors, metal stairs, and flagpoles. They have several publications
that may be of interest:
Pipe Railing Manual, 49 pages
Metal Stairs Manual, 75 pages
Metal Finishes Manual, 82 pages
Sections containing stainless steel:
Introduction to Metal Finishing AMP 500, 4 pages
Finishes for Stainless Steel AMP 503, 8 pages
Metal Curtain Wall Manual
Nickel Institute
214 King Street West
Toronto, Ontario M5H 3S6
Telephone: 416-591-7999
Fax: 416-591-7987
Web site: www.nickelinstitute.org/
Nickel Institute is an international industry organization which provides literature and technical assistance on nickel-containing materials to architects, contractors and other industry decision makers. Assistance is available on the use of nickel-containing stainless steels, nickel-plating, nickel-based alloys, and copper-nickel alloys.
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Assoc. (SMACNA)
(110 chapters in the US and Canada)
P.O. Box 70
Merrifield, Virginia 22116
Telephone: 703-803-2980
Members include ventilating, air handling, architectural and industrial sheet metal, kitchen equipment,
testing and balancing, siding, decking, and specialty fabrication contractors. The organization has chapters
in the U.S., Canada, Brazil, Japan, and Australia. They prepare standards and codes, and sponsor research and
educational programs. Publications include an annual report, membership directory, newsletter,
specifications, standards, manuals, practices, and codes. They have several publications which may be
relevant:
Architectural Sheet Metal Manual, 358 pages
Architectural Sheet Metal Specifications of Custom-Fabricated Roofing, 18 pages
HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible, covers stainless steel, 220 pages
Kitchen Equipment Fabrication Guidelines, 92 pages.
Specialty Steel Industry of North America
3050 K Street, NW
Washington, DC 20007
Telephone: 202-342-8630
Fax: 202-342-8451
Technical Questions: 800-982-0355
Email: SSINA@colshan.com
Web site: http://www.ssina.com
SSINA provides literature and technical assistance on the use of stainless steel to architects, building owners, and other industry decision-makers in North America. The following CSI-formatted specifications are available to download through ARCAT at http://www.arcat.com:
07713 Manufactured Stainless Steel Roof Specialties
07411 Stainless Steel Roof Panels
07613 Sheet Stainless Steel Roofing
07623 Sheet Stainless Steel Flashing
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook. Illinois 60062
Telephone: 847-272-8800
Web site: www.ul.com
UL Canada:
7 Crouse Road
Scarborough, Ontario M1R 3A9
Canada
Telephone: 416-757-3611
UL 410 Slip resistance of floor surface materials (Stainless steel floor plate has been tested and more
than meets the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act)
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Canadian Standards:
CSA Standards
A370:1984 Connectors for masonry intended for use in exterior walls, moist environments, exposed to weather, or in contact with the ground must be corrosion resistant or noncorroding. Noncorroding connectors shall be Type 304 or other material of equivalent durability.
National Building Code
Part 4 Structural Design: Buildings covered by this code must conform to CSAStandard S304.
Part 9 Housing and Small Buildings: Above ground masonry section requires corrosion Section 9.20 resistant
ties with the same level of protection as CSA standard A370. The minimum thickness of strip ties for use with
masonry veneers is 0.76 mm.
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Other Architectural Metals:
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
1101 17th Street NW
Suite 1300
Washington, DC 20036
Telephone: 202-452-7100
Web site: www.steel.org
Information on iron and steel but not stainless steel.
Aluminum Association Inc.
900 19th Street NW
Suite 300
Washington, DC
Telephone: 202-862-5100
Web site: www.aluminum.org
Aluminum Extruders Council
Wauconda, IL
Telephone: 847-526-2010
Web site: www.aec.org
Copper Development Association
260 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10016
Telephone: 212-251-7200
Web site: www.copper.org
CDA is a source of information on copper alloys including copper-nickel alloys such as nickel-silver and
Monel®. Product suppliers and literature are available through their website or by telephone.
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European Standards and guidelines:
Euro Inox
The European Stainless steel Development Association
Diamant Building
Bd A. Reyers 80
1030 Brussels Belgium
Telephone: 32 2 706 82 67
Fax: 32 2 706 82 69
Web site: www.euro-inox.org
Nickel Institute Publication 12 011 - Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel, 114 pages
(available from the Nickel Institute)
Guide to Stainless Steel Finishes (Architectural Series, volume 1, 2000)
European stainless steel finish designations and specifications are shown.
Stainless Steel Facades (Architectural Series, volume 2, Autumn 2000)
Steel Construction Institute (SCI)
Silwood Park
Ascot
Berkshire SL5 7QN
Telephone: 011-44-344-23345
Fax: 011-44-344-22944
Web site: www.steel-sci.org
SCI-P-119 Design of Stainless Steel Fixings and Ancillary Components
SCI-P-123 Concise Guide to the Structural Design of Stainless Steel - Second Edition
SCI-P-152 Section Property and Member Capacity Tables for Cold-Formed Stainless Steel
SCI-P-179 Architects' Guide to Stainless Steel, 201 pages
Suppliers (internet resources)
The following web sites are sources of stainless steel product suppliers. Some companies have CSI formatted specifications or other technical information for their products included in their listings, which can be downloaded.
ARCAT http://www.arcat.com
Architect's First Source for Products http://www.afsonl.com
Building Products and Materials by Sweets
Network
Other Internet Resources
American Welding Society (AWS) http://www.aws.org
ASM International http://www.asm-intl.org
ISO (http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.openerpage
Euronorm http://www.euronorm.net/content/template.php?itemID=309
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI), MasterFormat and Uniform Drawing System(National CAD Standard)
and SpecText http://www.csinet.org/technic/index.htm
Construction Specifications Canada National Master Specification http://www.csc-dcc.ca/
American Institute of Architects (AIA) ARCOM MasterSpec http://www.arcomnet.com/arcomindexstill.html
Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association ANSI/BHMA standards http://www.buildershardware.com
ARCAT links to company product specifications and CAD details http://www.arcat.com
SWEETS links to company product specifications and CAD details http://sweets.construction.com
4Specs links to company product specifications http://www.4specs.com
Architecture Information from Architectural
Record
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Stainless steel applications in architecture, building, and
construction
Bridges
(ASSDA) Stainless Steel Makeovers http://www.assda.asn.au/makeover.html
Doors, entrances, elevators, and column covers
Successful Use of Stainless Steel Building Materials (click here)
Steeled against the elements -- Stainless steel doors can stand up to fire and corrosive environments (click here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- Guidelines for building exteriors (click here)
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel - this may be purchased at www.steel-sci.org
(SMACNA) Disney's California Adventure Theme Park, Anaheim, CA (click here)
(SMACNA) Architectural Sheet Metal Manual - this may be purchased at http://www.smacna.org/techpubs/
(SMACNA) David Geffen Foundation Building (click
here)
Exterior Wall Panels
Timeless Stainless (click here)
Successful Use of Stainless Steel Building Materials (click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- Guidelines for building exteriors (click here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
Stainless steels for building exteriors (click
here)
(Euro-Inox) Stainless Steel Facades (Architectural Series, volume 2) http://www.euro-inox.org
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel - this may be purchased at www.steel-sci.org
(SMACNA) Jin Industrial, Moorpark, CA (click
here)
(SMACNA) South Coast Plaza Bridge, Santa Ana, CA (click
here)
(SMACNA) Los Angles Metro Rail Stations (click
here)
(SMACNA) University of Michigan Art and Science Building, Dearborn, MI (click
here)
(SMACNA) Architectural Sheet Metal Manual - this may be purchased at http://www.smacna.org/techpubs/
(ASSDA) Cast Stainless Curtain Wall Fixings http://www.assda.asn.au/castings.html
Related web sites:
Empire State Building http://www.esbnyc.com/index2.cfm?noflash=1
Weissman Art Museum http://hudson.acad.umn.edu/surprises/home.html
Skyscraper facts http://www.skyscrapers.com
Famous Buildings http://architecture.about.com/library/bl-buildings.htm?once=true&
Skyscraper Museum http://skyscraper.org
Great Buildings Collection http://www.GreatBuildings.com/buildings.html
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Fasteners, Stone Anchors, and Masonry Fixings
Practical guide to using marine fasteners (click
here)
(SSINA) Stainless steel for: Wall ties, stone anchors and masonry fastening systems http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(SSINA) Stainless steel fasteners http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(ASSDA) Stainless Fasteners http://www.assda.asn.au/pin.html
(SMACNA) Architectural Sheet Metal Manual - this may be purchased at http://www.smacna.org/techpubs/
(SCI) Stainless Steel Masonry Support Systems - Best Practice Information Sheet for Specifiers, 2000. ref
P298
(SCI) Stainless Steel Masonry Support Systems- Best Practice Information Sheet for Contractors, 2000, ref P
297
SCI-P-157 Stainless Steel Angles for Masonry Support
Floors
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- guidelines for roofs, floors and
handrails (click here)
Interiors
Successful Use of Stainless Steel Building Materials (click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- guidelines for roofs, floors and handrails (click here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
(SSINA) Stainless steel for handrails, railings & barrier applications http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(SMACNA) Portland International Airport, Portland, OR (click
here)
(SMACNA) Los Angles Metro Rail Stations (click
here)
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel - this may be purchased at www.steel-sci.org
Kitchens and Bathrooms
Sinks of stainless clean best, beat bacteria (click here)
Effect of wiping and spray wash temperature on bacterial retention of abraded domestic sink surface (click here)
Cleanability in relation to bacterial retention on unused and abraded domestic sink materials (click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- Guidelines for maintenance and cleaning (click here)
(SMACNA) Disney's California Adventure Theme Park, Anaheim, CA
(click
here)
(ASSDA) Stainless loo locked into safety http://www.assda.asn.au/loo.html
Low Profile Glass Curtain Wall and Roof Structures
(ASSDA) Stainless cables and fittings taken to new heights http://www.assda.asn.au/stainlesscable.html
Plumbing and Water Handling
Stainless steel in water handling & delivery systems
Effect of chlorine on common materials in fresh water (click here)
Stainless steel piping (click here)
A report on the field corrosion resistance test on stainless steel piping for building service (click here)
Piping manual for stainless steel pipes for buildings (click here)
Volume 1: A report on the performance of stainless steel pipe for water supply in underground soil
environments (click here)
Volume 2: A report on the performance of stainless steel pipe for water supply in underground soil
environments (click here)
Stainless steel plumbing (click here)
Stainless steel for potable water treatment plants (click
here)
(ASSDA) Stainless taps into time & cost savings http://www.assda.asn.au/stainlesstaps.html
Prisons and Detention Facilities
(ASSDA) Stainless loo locked into safety http://www.assda.asn.au/loo.html
Railings
Successful Use of Stainless Steel Building Materials (click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- guidelines for roofs, floors and handrails (click here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
(SSINA) Stainless steel for handrails, railings & barrier applications http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel - this may be purchased at http://www.steel-sci.org
(SCI) Stainless Steel Tubular Handrails and Balustrades, 1999, SCI ref P274 - this may be purchased at http://www.steel-sci.org
(ASSDA) Stainless Sports http://www.assda.asn.au/crowd.html
(BSSA) Designing stainless steel handrails and balustrades http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Reinforcing Bar
Long life ambition (click here)
Stainless steel reinforcing as corrosion protection (click
here)
The resistance of stainless steel, partly embedded in concrete, to corrosion by seawater (click here)
(EuroInox) Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels in Soils and in Concrete http://www.euro-inox.org
(SSINA) Stainless steel rebar for construction applications http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
Guidance on the Use of Stainless Steel Reinforcement, 1998, The Concrete Society, Tech.rpt 51
Stainless Steel Reinforcing Bar, 1997, EFC Report No 18, Institute of Materials
Use of Stainless Steel Reinforcement in Highway Structures, BA 84/02, The Highways Agency Stainless steel
rebar web page http://www.stainless-rebar.org
Roofing
Timeless Stainless (click here)
Successful Use of Stainless Steel Building Materials (click here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- guidelines for roofs, floors and handrails (click here)
Technical manual for the design and construction of roofs of stainless steel sheet (click here)
Architecture -- A demanding market for stainless steel (click here)
Stainless steel membrane roof (click here)
(SSINA) Standard practice for: Stainless steel roofing, flashing, copings http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(Euro Inox) Stainless Steel Roofing, Architectural No.3 http://www.euro-inox.org
(ASSDA) Stainless Sports http://www.assda.asn.au/crowd.html
(ASSDA) Stainless cladding in KL http://www.assda.asn.au/airport.html
(ASSDA) Stainless cables and fittings taken to new heights http://www.assda.asn.au/stainlesscable.htm
(SMACNA) South Coast Plaza Bridge, Santa Ana, CA (click
here)
(SMACNA) University of Michigan Art and Science Building, Dearborn, MI (click
here)
(SMACNA) Courthouse Square Gazebo, Tampa, FL (click
here)
(SMACNA) Stowers Institute for Medical Research (click
here)
(SMACNA) Architectural Sheet Metal Manual (website under construction - link to list of US specifications and
guidelines) http://www.smacna.org
Sculpture
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel
stainless steel (click here)
Successful Use of Stainless Steel Building Materials (click here)
Gateway Arch website http://www.nps.gov/jeff
Structural Design
Design manual for structural stainless steel (click here)
Long life ambition (click here)
(SSINA) Stainless Steel Structural Design Resource Center (click here)
(SSINA) Stainless steel for structural applications http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(BSSA) Structural design of stainless steel http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Comparison of structural design in stainless steel and carbon steel http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Calculating the deflections in stainless steel beams http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Shear capacity of stainless steel bolts http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Bimetallic corrosion risks from contact with galvanised steel or aluminium (No. 143) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel http://www.steel-sci.org
(SCI) SCI P291 Structural Design of Stainless Steel http://www.steel-sci.org
(SCI) Section Property and Member Capacity Tables for Cold-Formed Stainless Steel http://www.steel-sci.org
(SCI) Protection of buildings against explosions http://www.steel-sci.org
(SCI) Design of stainless steel fixings and ancillary components http://www.steel-sci.org
(SCI) Stainless Steel Masonry Support Systems - Best Practice Information Sheet for Specifiers, 2000. ref
P298 http://www.steel-sci.org
(SCI) Stainless Steel Masonry Support Systems- Best Practice Information Sheet for Contractors, 2000, ref P
297 http://www.steel-sci.org
(SMACNA) Town Square Paddle Wheel, Grand Forks, ND (click
here)
ANSI/ASCE 8-90 Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members http://www.asce.org
(ASSDA) Stainless cables and fittings taken to new heights http://www.assda.asn.au/stainlesscable.html
Swimming Pools
Stainless steel in swimming pool buildings (click
here)
(ASSDA) Stress Corrosion Cracking in the Air Space of Indoor Pools http://www.assda.asn.au/Pools.pdf
(BSSA) Stainless steels for swimming pool building applications - selection, use, and avoidance of SCC http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
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Choose an appropriate stainless steel for your application:
Multiple environments
Timeless Stainless (click here)
Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction: Guidelines for Corrosion Protection (click here)
Capabilities and Limitations of Architectural Metals, and Metals for Corrosion Resistance (click here)
Successful Use of Stainless Steel Building Materials (click here)
(SMACNA) Stainless Steel: The Hard, Cold Facts (click here)
Steeled against the elements -- Stainless steel doors can stand up to fire and corrosive environments (click here)
Stainless steel reinforcing as corrosion protection (click
here)
Stainless steel in architecture (click here)
Corrosion resistance of the austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels in atmospheric environments (click here)
High Performance Stainless Steels (click here)
(Euro-Inox) Stainless Steel Against Corrosion http://www.euro-inox.org
(EuroInox) Handbook of Stainless Steel (Materials and Applications Series, volume 1) http://www.euro-inox.org
(Euro Inox) Self Passivation of Stainless Steel, CD ROM http://www.euro-inox.org
(EuroInox) Design Manual For Structural Stainless Steel, 1994 http://www.euro-inox.org
(SCI) Structural Design of Stainless Steel, 2001, SCI Ref P291 http://www.steel-sci.org
(BSSA) Durability and life expectancy for stainless steels in external environments (No. 104) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) General principles for selection of stainless steels http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Selection of stainless steels for building external applications ( No. 102) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Castings
Castings Stainless Steel and Nickel-Base
(SCI) Castings in construction http://www.steel-sci.org
Coastal and marine environments
Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction: Guidelines for Corrosion Protection (click here)
Practical guide to using marine fasteners (click
here)
The resistance of stainless steel, partly embedded in concrete, to corrosion by seawater (click here)
(ASSDA) Coastal Corrosion Technical Bulletin "Stainless Steel Tea Staining" Applications http://www.assda.asn.au/marineapps.html
Deicing salt exposure
Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction: Guidelines for Corrosion Protection (click here)
Fresh and potable water
Effect of chlorine on common materials in fresh water (click here)
A report on the field corrosion resistance test on stainless steel piping for building service (click here)
Galvanic Corrosion
Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction: Guidelines for Corrosion Protection (click here)
(BSSA) Bimetallic corrosion risks from contact with galvanised steel or aluminium (No. 143) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Internal environments
Stainless steel in swimming pool buildings (click
here)
(BSSA) Selection of stainless steels for building internal applications ( No. 101) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Stainless steels for swimming pool building applications - selection, use, and avoidance of SCC http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Soil
Volume 1: A report on the performance of stainless steel pipe for water supply in underground soil
environments (click here)
Volume 2: A report on the performance of stainless steel pipe for water supply in underground soil
environments (click here)
(EuroInox) Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels in Soils and in Concrete http://www.euro-inox.org
Swimming Pools
(BSSA) Stainless steels for swimming pool building applications - selection, use, and avoidance of
SCC http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Stainless steel in swimming pool buildings (click
here)
Web sites for evaluating site corrosiveness
Australian corrosion maps http://www.dbce.csiro.au/research/special/se_asia/harm_conf1/paper_trinidad.pdf
Corrosivity Maps and Pollution Information http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/AtmCorros/CorrMaps.htm
Environment Canada http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/pollution
Environmental Protection Agency (USA) http://www.epa.gov/air/data
Industrial Galvanizers Corporation
http://www.corp.indgalv.com.au/technical/technical.htm
National Climate Data Center http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html
National Research Council of Canadahttp://www.nrc.ca/irc/cbd/cbd170e.html
National Weather and Climate Center http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov
Stockholm Environment Institute http://www.sei.se
The World Bank group http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/wdi98
UK Atmospheric Pollution Data http://www.met.rdg.ac.uk/~brugge/pollute.html
Weatherbase http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/state.php3?c=US&s=&refer=
World Climate http://www.worldclimate.com
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Selecting stainless steel finishes
Stainless steel in architecture (click
here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
Heat tints on stainless steels can cause corrosion problems (click here)
(SSINA) Special finishes for stainless steel http://www.ssina.com
(EuroInox) Guide to Stainless Steel Finishes, Building Series Vol. 1 (Both a CD tutorial and a brochure are
available.) http://www.euro-inox.org
(BSSA) Specifying finishes for stainless steel flat products - sheet and plate (No. 100) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel http://www.steel-sci.org
Designdetails and thickness guidelines
Stainless steel in architecture (click
here)
Timeless Stainless (click here)
Stainless steels for building exteriors (click
here)
Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction: Guidelines for Corrosion Protection (click here)
Answers for architects who design for beauty, performance, utility and prestige with nickel stainless steel
(click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction - Guidelines for building exteriors (click here)
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction - guidelines for roofs, floors and handrails (click here)
(SSINA) Standard practice for: Stainless steel roofing, flashing, copings http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(Euro-Inox) Stainless Steel Facades (Architectural Series, volume 2) http://www.euro-inox.org
(Euro Inox) Stainless Steel Roofing, Architectural No.3 http://www.euro-inox.org
(BSSA) Bimetallic corrosion risks from contact with galvanised steel or aluminium (No. 143) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(SMACNA) Architectural Sheet Metal Manual http://www.smacna.org
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel http://www.steel-sci.org
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Welding and fabricating stainless steel:
General fabrication information
Stainless steel in architecture (click
here)
(SSINA) Stainless steel fabrication http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(Euro-Inox) Working with Stainless Steel (Materials and Applications Series, volume 2), http://www.euro-inox.org
(EuroInox) Good Fabrication in Architectural Stainless Steel http://www.euro-inox.org
(BSSA) Bimetallic corrosion risks from contact with galvanised steel or aluminium (No. 143) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(SCI) SCI-P-179 Architect's Guide to Stainless Steel http://www.steel-sci.org
(IMOA) Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels http://www.imoa.info/technical/downloads/index_downloads.htm
(ASSDA) Thermal properties of austenitics (http://www.assda.asn.au/austenit.html)
Machining
Stainless steels for machining (click
here)
SSINA) Stainless steel for machining http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
Post-fabrication cleaning
Fabrication and post-fabrication cleanup of stainless steels
(BSSA) Iron contamination and rust staining ( No. 108) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Post-weld cleaning and finishing of stainless steels (No. 37)
http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Welding
Guidelines for welding dissimilar metals (click
here)
Guidelines for the welded fabrication of nickel-containing stainless steels for corrosion-resistant services
(click here)
Welding of stainless steels and other joining methods (click here)
(EuroInox) Welding of Stainless Steel (Materials and Applications Series, volume 3) http://www.euro-inox.org
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Meeting architectural flatness requirements
Architecture -- A demanding market for stainless steel (click here)
Fire resistance
Stainless steel for durability, fire-resistance and safety (click here)
(BSSA) Fire resistance of stainless steel http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Cleaning:
Standard cleaning
Stainless steel in architecture, building and construction -- Guidelines for maintenance and cleaning (click here)
(Euro-Inox) The Cleaning and Maintenance of Stainless Steel Architectural Finishes http://www.euro-inox.org
(BSSA) Cleaning methods for stainless steel (No 120) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Remedial and Post-Fabrication Cleaning
Fabrication and post-fabrication cleanup of stainless steels (click here)
(BSSA) Post-weld cleaning and finishing of stainless steels (No. 37) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Iron contamination and rust staining ( No. 108) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Bacterial removal advantage
Sinks of stainless clean best, beat bacteria (click here)
Effect of wiping and spray wash temperature on bacterial retention of abraded domestic sink surface (click here)
Cleanability in relation to bacterial retention on unused and abraded domestic sink materials (click here)
Bacterial removal and health protection benefits
Sinks of stainless clean best, beat bacteria (click here)
Effect of wiping and spray wash temperature on bacterial retention of abraded domestic sink surface (click here)
Cleanability in relation to bacterial retention on unused and abraded domestic sink materials (click here)
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Environmental Benefits and Considerations
SR-0007 Nickel and Society Life Cycle Assessment report and data (click here)
Capabilities and Limitations of Architectural Metals, and Metals for Corrosion Resistance (click here)
(SSINA) Stainless Steel The Green Material http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(Euro-Inox) Stainless steel - An environmentally friendly material http://www.euro-inox.org
(BSSA) Durability and life expectancy for stainless steels in external environments (No. 104) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(BSSA) Recycling of stainless steels http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(ASSDA) Environment, Health & Safety http://www.assda.asn.au/gradeselect.html
Life cycle cost-benefit justification:
Exterior Atmosphere
Timeless Stainless (click here)
Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction: Guidelines for Corrosion Protection (click here)
Long life ambition (click here)
Capabilities and Limitations of Architectural Metals , and Metals for Corrosion Resistance (click here)
A report on the field corrosion resistance test on stainless steel piping for building service (click here)
(BSSA) Durability and life expectancy for stainless steels in external environments (No. 104) http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
(ASSDA) Environment, Health & Safety - Life Cycle Costing http://www.assda.asn.au/gradeselect.html
Underground soil
Volume 1: A report on the performance of stainless steel pipe for water supply in underground soil
environments (click here)
Volume 2: A report on the performance of stainless steel pipe for water supply in underground soil
environments (click here)
(EuroInox) Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels in Soils and in Concrete http://www.euro-inox.org
Embedded in concrete
Stainless steel reinforcing as corrosion protection (click here)
(EuroInox) Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels in Soils and in Concrete http://www.euro-inox.org
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Stainless steel product forms
Architecture -- A demanding market for stainless steel (click here)
Stainless steel in architecture (click here)
Stainless steel architectural facts http://www.ssina.com/publications/index.htm
(SCI) Architects Guide to Stainless Steel, 1997, SCI-P-179 http://www.steel-sci.org
(EuroInox) Handbook of Stainless Steel, Materials and Application Series, volume 1 http://www.euro-inox.org
Nickel Plating
Applications of decorative nickel plating (click
here)
InternationalSources of Stainless Steel
Information
Australian Stainless Steel Development Association ASSDA http://www.assda.asn.au/
Brazilian Stainless Steel Development Association (NUCLEO INOX) http://www.nucleoinox.org.br/
British Stainless Steel Association BSSA http://www.bssa.org.uk/index.htm
Indian Stainless Steel Association (ISSDA) http://www.stainlessindia.org/
Informationstelle Edelstahl Rostfrei (ISER) http://www.edelstahl-rostfrei.de/
International Chromium Development Association (ICDA) http://www.chromium-asoc.com/
International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) http://www.imoa.info
International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) http://www.worldstainless.org/
Japanese Stainless Steel Development Association (JSSA) http://www.jssa.gr.jp/
New Zealand Stainless Steel Development Association (NZSSDA) http://www.hera.org.nz/nzssda/Default.htm
Southern Africa Stainless Steel Development Association (SASSDA) http://www.sassda.co.za
Spanish Stainless Steel Association (Cedinox)
Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA) http://www.ssina.com
The European Stainless Steel Development Association (Euro Inox) http://www.euro-inox.org
The Italian Stainless Steel Development Association (CentroInox) (http://www.centroinox.it/
The Swiss Stainless Steel Development Association (Swiss Inox)
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