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Hard to Soft (10028)
By D.V. Doane, reprinted from Journal of Heat Treating, Vol. 6, (2), 1988. High-hardenability steels are used for critical gearing, shafts, bearings and other machine components that are either cold formed or machined, or both, then subsequently hardened. Metallurgical factors affecting formability can be different from those affecting machinability. Conventional annealing may be adequate to soften certain steels, but many grades require either subcritical or intercritical annealing treatments to soften them sufficiently for machining or forming. Summarized are data for carburizing steels, medium carbon engineering steels, and high-carbon steels.

